Showing posts with label Core java. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Core java. Show all posts

in Java, what are the ways to create an object?

Hi Folks,

After a long time I am back with the new post to discuss about the ways of creating a new object in java.

Basically there are multiple ways in which you can create an object instance in java and those are as below:

1. Using new keyword




2. Using class.newInstance()



3. Using class.getConstructors()


4. Using clone()



5. Using Object de-serialization
Make sure the employee class implements Serializable interface

So these are some of the ways in which we create objects in java. Let me know what did you felt about this blog in comments section.

In java how does HasSet enures unique values?

Let us discuss on how the HashSet in java prevents adding the duplicate values. First let us understand how to create a HashSet and add some values to it.

public class HashSetTest{
    
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        HashSet<String> hashset = new HashSet>();
        hashset.add("Bangalore");
        hashset.add("Mysore");
        hashset.add("Hubli");
        System.out.println("Set is "+hashset);
    }
} 


Output would be : Hubli, Bangalore,Mysore

What about the insertion order in the above output? Does the insertion order not maintained? Yes in a HashSet the insertion order is not maintained also the values in a HashSet are not sorted.

Now to the above code let us try to add some duplicates as below:

public class HashSetTest{
    
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        HashSet<Object> hashset = new HashSet<Object>();
        hashset.add("Bangalore");
        hashset.add("Hubli");
        hashset.add("Mysore");
        hashset.add("Hubli");          // duplicate elements
        hashset.add("Bangalore");      // duplicate elements
        System.out.println("Set is "+hashset);
    }
}

Now the output would be: Bangalore, Mysore, Hubli
Did you notice add() method of HashSet ignored the duplicates? Now the question is how?
When you pass duplicate elements in the  add() method of the Set object, It will return false and do not add to the HashSet, as the element is already present.

Let us go into further deep:


public class HashSet<E>
extends AbstractSet<E>
implements Set<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable

{
    private transient HashMap<E,Object> map;
    // Dummy value to associate with an Object in the backing Map
    private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();
    
    
    public HashSet() {
        map = new HashMap<>();
    }
    
    // SOME CODE ,i.e Other methods in Hash Set
      
    public boolean add(E e) {
        return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
    }  
    
    // SOME CODE ,i.e Other methods in Hash Set
}

So , we are achieving uniqueness in Set internally in java through HashMap . Whenever you create an object of HashSet it will create an object of HashMap as you can see in the italic lines in the above code .

How to generate XSD from XML



In our day to day software development process we often come across the situations wherein we have been given some XML files and asked to convert them into XSD’s.

What is XSD?
XSD can be used to express a set of rules to which an XML document must conform in order to be considered 'valid' according to that schema. However, unlike most other schema languages, XSD was also designed with the intent that determination of a document's validity would produce a collection of information adhering to specific data types

This post step by step explains how to create a XSD file using existing XML file. We will use a tool called “Trang” for achieving this.

Steps:
 
1) Go to Trang’s project's download page and download the latest version. At the current time, the file trang-20091111.zip is the latest.

2) Extract the ZIP archive and inside you will find a JAR file called trang.jar. Contents of the zip file will be as below.


3) Copy the trang.jar file to your project where you have your XML file.

Contents of my Employee.xml is as below:

4) Open the command prompt and then go to your XML folder. Assuming you have installed java,
Then type java –jar trang.jar Employee.xml Employee.xsd

Take a brief look at the generated Employee.xsd and replace any very specific element types (in this case thexs:NCName) to more simpler types, such as xs:string.

Very simple isn’t it?